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The GPS is evolving towards a more robust system (GPS III), with greater availability and to reduce the increased complexity of the GPS. Some planned improvements include: Incorporation of a new L2 signal for civilian use. It is adding a third civil signal (L5): 1176.45 MHz Protection and availability of one of the two is new signals for services Security for Life (SOL), improvement in the structure of signals. Increase in signal strength (L5 will have a power level of -154 dB), improved accuracy (1-5 m). Increase in the number of stations monitored: 12 (twice). Allow better interoperability with the frequency of L1 Galileo.

The GPS III program aims to ensure that military and civilian GPS satisfy requirements laid down for the next 30 years. This program is being developed to use an approach in three stages (a stage of transition is the GPS II), very flexible, allowing future changes and reduces risks. The development of GPS satellites II began in 2005 and the first one available for launch in 2012 with the aim of achieving full transition GPS III 2017. The challenges are: Representing the requirements of users, both civil and military, in terms of GPS. Limit GPS III requirements within the operational objectives. Providing flexibility to allow future changes to satisfy user requirements until 2030. It is providing strength to the growing dependence in the determination of precise position and time as international service.

The European satellite GIOVE-B , the second navigation system Galileo , yesterday began transmitting the first signals from orbit, fully compatible with GPS, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). Launched on 27 April, is an important step in his career and is the first time that GIOVE-B transmitting a common signal to the American GPS and European Galileo specifically optimized using a wave (MBOC), the agreement signed in July 2007 between the European Union and the United States for their respective systems, Galileo and future GPS III. The second of 30 satellites; The GIOVE-B has an atomic clock that has the Passive Hydrogen Maser technology and is the most accurate clock that has ever launched into space, allowing for greater accuracy in complicated situations where there are multiple frequencies and interference.

This shows, according to the ESA, Galileo and GPS are truly compatible and interoperable and that positioning services will benefit users worldwide. “Now with GIOVE-B broadcasting its highly accurate signal in space, we have a real show that Galileo will offer the most advanced services of satellite navigation, ensuring compatibility and interoperability with GPS,” says project director Galileo, Javier Benedicto. GIOVE-B is the second satellite navigation system Galileo, which carries an atomic clock art capable of emitting signals extremely accurate. With this launch begins in-orbit validation phase, involving the commissioning of four satellites. The system will be completed after a third phase and will, in total, with 30 satellites in 2013.

What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is an industrial specification for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) that enables voice and data between devices via a link on radio frequency in the ISM band of 2.4 GHz. The main objectives to be achieved with this standard are: Facilitate communications between mobile and fixed. Remove cables and connectors between them. Offer the possibility of creating small wireless networks and provide data synchronization between PCs. The most common devices that use this technology belong to sectors of telecommunications and computer personnel, such as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops, personal computers, printers or digital cameras. It is called the Bluetooth communications protocol designed specifically for low-power devices with low coverage and based transceivers at low cost.

With this protocol, the devices that implement it can communicate with each other when they are within their reach. Communication takes place by radio frequency so that devices do not have to be aligned and can even be in separate rooms if the transmitting power allows. These devices are classified as “Class 1”, “Class 2” or “Class 3” in reference to its transmission power, and are fully compatible devices in a class with the other. In most cases, the effective coverage of a Class 2 extends when connected to a transceiver class 1. This is thanks to the higher sensitivity and transmits power class 1 device, i.e., the largest transmission power of Class 1 device allows the signal to arrive with enough power to class 2. Moreover, the higher sensitivity of Class 1 device allows you to receive the signal from the other despite being weaker.

Build a telecommunications satellite includes an impressive feat of engineering in a relatively long process. The technical advances of recent decades have allowed the construction of highly advanced machines, improving satellite systems began to be sold to private entities during the early years of the 90′s. A telecommunications satellite , in our case, mainly for the use of television broadcasting has to be sufficiently technologically advanced and robust at the same time, to provide seamless service throughout their life without being able to be repaired in no time . Most satellites for television broadcasting services are in a geostationary orbit, 36,000 km above the surface of the Earth, so that it becomes impossible to repair.  It would be unfeasible to send a technician to detect and repair any part of the machine every time you had a fault, among other factors, by the very high cost and human risk would be.

That is why the satellite needs to be done in the best available technology construction technology, which reduces the margin of error and zero failures throughout his life. On the other hand, is a building complex machinery at aerospace , and to have a satellite orbiting in space required to ensure both receive and send the correct signals as the perfect maintenance of electronic equipment in an environment outside of gravity, subject to sudden changes in temperature, solar winds and the action of gravitational forces created between the Earth and Moon, the satellite can deflect its path and even these factors can cause certain channels not working properly, let alone the potential impacts by unknown elements floating in the orbit and launch violent physical processes in space from Earth.

A Bluetooth profile is the specification of a high-level interface between devices to use Bluetooth. To use some Bluetooth device must support certain profiles. The profiles are general descriptions of behavior that the devices can be used to communicate formally to favor a unified use. How you use the Bluetooth capabilities are therefore based on the profiles supported by each device. Profiles allow the manufacture of devices that suit their needs. At least one profile specification should cover: Dependencies with other profiles. Recommended formats for the user interface. Specific parts of the Bluetooth stack used (particular options, parameters). You can include a description of the type of service required.

Advanced Audio Distribution: Defines how to propagate a stream of audio (mono or stereo) between devices via a Bluetooth connection. It was initially used in conjunction with a transceiver connected to the jack through the audio output by default that performed the conversion and transmission. Currently, there are Bluetooth 2.0 devices that support this connection without the need. They are also support AVRCP, HSP and HFP. A2DP 2 can transmit a two-channel stereo stream to a radio or headphones. This page uses AVDTP and GAVDP. Includes are support for codec’s required sub-band low complexity (SBC) and optional support for MPEG-1, MPEG-2 AAC and ATRAC, along with manufacturer-defined codec’s. Most batteries implement DRM (specifically, the mechanism SCMS-T). In these cases cannot connect headphones to receive audio quality. For example, Motorola HT820 can do this only with certain versions of Toshiba stack.